Information Retrieval: A Health & Biomedical Perspective (Second Edition)
William Hersh, M.D.
Springer-Verlag
, 2003
Index
4S model, 81-82
Absolute rate increase, 79
Absolute risk reduction, 78
Access, collections, 392
Access, individual items, 390-391
Access, metadata, 392-394
ACI. See Autonomous citation indexing
Acid paper, 389
ACM-SIGIR. See Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval
ACR codes. See American College of Radiology codes
ACROMED, 323
Adaptive filtering, 287
Agreement, measures of, 113
AI. See Artificial intelligence
AIDSLINE, 124
ALA. See American Library Association
AltaVista, 192, 207-209, 289-290
Ambiguity, 311, 324-325
American Accreditation Healthcare Commission, 63-64
American College of Radiology codes, 415
American Library Association, 12, 386-387
American Medical Informatics Association, 12
American Society for Information Science and Technology , 12
American Society of Indexers, 12
AMIA. See American Medical Informatics Association
Anaphoric references, 320
Anatline, 181
AND, 184-187
Anomalous state of knowledge, 5
ARI. See Absolute rate increase
ARR. See Absolute risk reduction
ARROWSMITH, 428
Artificial intelligence, 371, 397
ASI. See American Society of Indexers
ASIST. See American Society for Information Science and Technology
ASK. See Anomalous state of knowledge
AskJeeves, 208-209
Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval, 12
ATN. See Augmented transition network
Augmented transition network, 316
Author productivity, 29
Autonomous citation indexing, 392
AutoSummarize feature, Microsoft Word, 297
Barrier word, 423
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, 211, 428-429
Batch filtering, 287
Bayes’ Theorem, 282
Bias, research, 86
Bibliometrics, 28-32
Bioinformatics, 12
Biomed Central, 53, 131
BioMedNet, 201
BIOSIS Previews, 125, 230
BLAST. See Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
BMJ. See British Medical Journal
Books in Print, 126
Boolean algebra, 185
Boolean operators, 265-266
Bradford’s Law of Scattering, 29-30
BrighamRad, 210
British Medical Journal, 13
Brown Corpus, 174
Browsing, 15
B-tree, 182
CANCERLIT, 124-125
CancerNet, 142-143
Canonical form, 149
Canonical Phrase Identification System, 405-406
CANSEARCH, 375
CAPIS. See Canonical Phrase Identification System
Card catalog, 387
Case frames, 318-319
Cat-a-Cone, 378, 380
Catalog of U.S. Government Publications, 128
Catalogue et Index des Sites Medicaux Francophones, 166-167
CATS. See Critically appraised topics
CBS Healthwatch, 135
CCC. See Copyright Clearance Center
CDSR. See Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Celera Genomics, 138
Cellular regulatory networks, 429
Centroid vector, 272
Chance, research, 86-87
Checklist effect, 86
Chomsky Hierarchy, 315
CINAHL. See Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
CIRT, 298-299
CISMeF. See Catalogue et Index des Sites Medicaux Francophones
Citation networks, 28-29
CiteSeer, 392
CLARIT, 331-333, 414
CLEF. See Cross-Language Evaluation Forum
Clinical Document Architecture, 168
Clinical Evidence, 141
Clinical finding, 406
Clinical narrative, 397
alternatives to natural language input, 426
classification, 414-426
ad hoc, 424-426
vocabulary-based, 420-424
syntactic incompleteness, 399
Clinical practice guidelines, 52, 259
Clinical vocabularies, multiaxial, 417-420
Clinical vocabularies, requirements, 416-417
ClinicalTrials.gov, 142, 212
CliniWeb, 127, 150, 163, 199-200, 201, 214, 361, 363
CLIR. See Cross-language information retrieval
Clustering documents, 373-374
CME. See Continuing medical education
COACH, 195, 376
Cochrane Collaboration, 48, 81
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 201, 242, 374
Cochrane Library, 141
Cohesion measure, 278
Commercial Alert, 210
Complement. See NOT
Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects, 142
Computers in Biology and Medicine, 13
Concept, 149
Conceptual graph, 311
Cone tree, 378, 380
Conference proceedings, 34, 124-125
Confidence interval, 47
CONIT, 375
Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement, 41-42
CONSORT statement. See Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement
Content, 4
aggregations, 118, 142-145
bibliographic, 117-129
classification of, 117-118
full-text, 118, 129-135
Context, 377-382
Context deficit, 60
Contextual interpretation, 314, 320, 399, 401
Continuing medical education, 259
Controlled vocabulary, 5, 265-266, 149-162
clinical, 415-420
relationships, 149
hierarchical, 149
related, 149
synonymous, 149
Copernic, 209
Copyright, 54, 388
Copyright Clearance Center, 388
Cosine measure, 270-272
Cosine normalization, 270
CoSTAR, 415
Cost-benefit, 88-89
Cost-effectiveness, 88-89
CPT. See Current Procedural Terminology
Cranfield studies, 228
CRISP. See Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects
Critically appraised topics, 81
Crossing the Quality Chasm, 396
Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, 348
Cross-language information retrieval, 347-354
Chinese, 351-352
controlled vocabulary, 348-349
free text, 348-349
corpus-based, 348-349
knowledge-based, 348-349
French, 349, 351, 353-354
German, 349-351
Japanese, 352-353
Spanish, 349, 353-354
CUI. See Unified Medical Language System, Metathesaurus, concept unique identifier
Cumulative gain, 102-103
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, 125, 156, 229
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Subject Headings, 156
Current Contents, 125
Current Procedural Terminology, 158, 415, 420-421
Database management system, 6
Database-assisted scores, 243
Databases, bibliographic. See Databases, literature reference
Databases, citation, 140-141
Databases, evidence-based medicine, 118, 141-142
Databases, genomic, 118, 138-140
Databases, genomic, integration, 140
Databases, image, 118, 136-137
Databases, literature reference, 117-126
Databases/Collections, 118, 136-142
DCMI. See Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
Decision Systems Group Network of Extensible Resources, 358-359
Definitive publication, 52-53
Description logic, 418
DeSyGNER. See Decision Systems Group Network of Extensible Resources
Devices, 383-386
handheld, 133, 384-385, 426
tablet, 385-386
Dewey Decimal System, 164-165
DFO. See Dynamic feedback optimization
Diagnosis-related groups, 259
Diagnostic test research, 41
Diagnostic tests, 78
Digestor, 385
Digital Libraries Initiative, National Science Foundation, 387
Digital library, 3, 386-396
definitions, 389
functions, 389-390
Digital Library Magazine, 387
Digital Object Architecture, 393-394
Digital Object Identifier, 391, 394-395
Digital Preservation Coalition, 396
Discounted cumulative gain, 102-103
Discourse analysis, 320
Dissertation Abstracts, 126
Distance metric, 358, 407, 409
DLI. See Digital Libraries Initiative, National Science Foundation
DNA chips. See Gene expression microarrays
DOCLINE, 215
Document delivery, 214-215
Document surrogate, 98
Document weight, 188-189
DogPile, 209
DOI. See Digital Object Identifier
DRG. See Diagnosis-related groups
DTD. See eXtensible Mark-up Language, Document Type Definition
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, 163-169, 372, 393
Qualifiers, 165-166
Type Vocabulary, 166
tags in Web pages, 167
DxPlain, 143-144, 415
Dynacat, 378-379
Dynamic feedback optimization, 281
Dynamic Medical Handbook, 376-377
E measure, 99
Early adopters, 227
EBM Solutions, 142
EBM. See Evidence-based medicine
eBook. See Electronic book
Educational Resources Information Center, 125
Educational Testing Service Kit of Cognitive Factors, 248
Effectiveness, 83, 88-89
Efficacy, 83
Electronic book, 386
Electronic medical record, 359-363, 402
linking to knowledge, 359-363
Electronic publishing, 52-65, 388
models, 54
economic and political challenges, 53-56
Electronic-long, paper-short, 130
Elevators, impact on patient care, 261
ELHILL, 195
ELPS. See Electronic-long, paper-short
EMBASE, 125-126, 156-157, 229-230
eMedicine, 135
EMR. See Electronic medical record
EMTREE, 157
facets, 157
link terms, 157
End queries, 250
Entrez, 138, 211
Epocrates, 384-385
E-Prints Initiative, 392
ERIC. See Educational Resources Information Center
Error, alpha, 86-87
Error, beta, 87
Ethnography, 87, 111
Evaluation, 219-261
Evaluation, abbreviations, 231
assessment of impact, 257-260
batch mode, 93, 266
Boolean searching, 299
classifications of, 88-95
comparing batch and interactive experiments, 304-308
comparing Boolean and natural language searching, 302-303, 305
database, 91
effect of training novice searchers, 238
experienced searchers, 236-241
medical librarians, 236-241
model of factors associated with success, 246-248
natural language searching, 299
novice searchers, 236-241
overlap of relevant articles, 237, 239
predictors of success, 244-254
presentation of search results, 308-309
reasons for using system, 226
relevance feedback, 307-308
relevance-based, 95-110
alternatives to, 110
limitations, 108-110
magnitude of significant difference, 109
ranked output, 99-103
request, 90-91
search outcome, 93
search process, 92-93
search system, 92
searcher, 92
searching quality, 227-244
bibliographic systems, 229-232
consumers on Web, 244
full-text systems, 232-234
system-oriented, 228-234
task-oriented measures, 241-244
user relevance-based measures, 236-241
user search critique, 235-236
user-oriented, 234-244
Web searching systems, 234
setting, 89-90
system impact, 94-95
system use, 93-94
types of usage, 225-226
usage frequency, 220-225
directly measured, 220-224
indirectly measured, 224-225
use of simulation, 95
user, 90
user satisfaction, 94, 226-227
effect of user fees, 227
rural physicians, 227
Evidence-based medicine, 8-9, 47, 75-82, 103, 198, 201, 231, 242, 243, 249, 251, 261
best studies, 76-80
first generation, 76-81
limitations, 80-81
limitations, 81-82
next generation, 80-81
resources, 75
Excerpta Medica, 125
Excite, 207-209, 234, 289-290
Expert Network, 420
Expert system, 7
Explorer-1, 358
Explosions. See MEDLINE explosions
eXtensible Mark-up Language, 168-169, 372, 412
Schema, 168
Document Type Definition, 168
Failure analysis, 94, 254-257
Fair use, 388
FASIT, 330-331
FAST, 291
Files, inverted, 181-182
dictionary, 182
position, 182
postings, 182
Findings-diagnosis continuum, 180
Flesch-Kinkaid score, 60
Floating subheadings. See Medical subject headings subheadings, floating
Focus groups, 87, 111
Fraudulent science, 45-46
Fry Readability Graph, 60
Funnel plots, 49-50
GALEN, 426
GEE. See Generalized estimating equations
GenBank, 138-139, 359
Gene expression microarrays, 139, 428
Gene Ontology, 157, 429
Generalized estimating equations, 250
Generative capacity, 315
Generic queries, 360
Generic questions, taxonomy, 69-70
Genomics, 54, 428-429
GenPept, 138
GO. See Gene Ontology
Google, 179, 207-209, 290-293, 324, 364
Graesser’s Taxonomy of Questions, 296-297
Grammar, 314-318
rewrite rules, 315
symbols, 315
Grateful Med, 195, 256-257
Gray literature, 49
Greenstone, 394
Handle System, 391
HardinMD, 234
Harrison's Plus, 131
Hashing, 182
Hawthorne effect, 86
HCI. See Human-computer interaction
Health decision making, 9-10
Health Evaluation through Logical Processing, 412-413, 415
Health informatics, 12
Health Level 7, 411
Health on the Net, 61-63
HealthCyberMap, 372
HealthFinder, 128, 201
HealthSTAR, 123-124
HealthWeb, 128, 201
HELP. See Health Evaluation through Logical Processing
Hepatitis Knowledge Base, 356-357
Hidden Markov Model, 321
Hi-Ethics Initiative, 63-64
Highwire Press, 130, 204, 378-379, 381
HL-7. See Health Level 7
HMM. See Hidden Markov Model
HON Select, 128
HON. See Health on the Net
HotBot, 207-209, 234, 289-290
HTTP. See Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Human Genome Project, 138
Human-computer interaction, 373
Hypermedia, 15-17
Hypertext, 15-17
anchor, 16
anchor text, 16
automated generation, 293-294
evaluation, 294
types of links, 293-294
hot spot, 16
link, 16-17
node, 16
Hypertext Transfer Protocol, 390
Hypothesis testing, 84-85
Hypotheticodeductive model, 66
IBM Feature Extraction Tool, 424
ICD. See International Classification of Diseases
Ide dec-hi formula, 281
IDF. See Inverse document frequency
IE. See Information extraction
IJCME. See International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
Iliad, 415
ILL. See Interlibrary loan
Illness scripts, 66
Impact factor, 30-32
as determinant of journal quality, 31-32
IND. See Indexing Initiative, National Library of Medicine
INDECS. See Interoperability of Data in e-Commerce Systems
Index Medicus, 119, 146-147, 149-150
Indexing, 5, 146-182, 364-372
attributes, 4
automated, 146-147, 172-180
limitations, 173-174
link-based, 179
TF*IDF weighting, 174, 178-179
word, 172-174
word weighting, 174-179
consistency, 147-148, 266
data structures, 146
exhaustivity, 147-148
factors influencing, 147-149
image, 180-181
language, 5, 147
manual, 146-147, 160-172
bibliographic, 162-163
consistency, 171-172
full-text, 163
limitations, 171-172
Web, 163-171
postcoordinate, 147
precoordinate, 147
specificity, 147-148
terms, 4
Indexing Initiative, National Library of Medicine, 367-369
Inference model, 283
Inferential statistics, 86-87
Infobutton, 360
InfoPOEMS, 141
Information extraction, 397-430
knowledge-based information, 427-430
patient-specific information, 397-427
Information filtering, 215-216
Information fragmentation, 28
Information growth, 26
Information linkage, 28-32
Information needs, 5, 65-75, 184
of biological researchers, 75
of nurses, 74-75
of physicians, 67-73
pursued, 70-72
recognized, 69-70
satisfied, 72-73
unrecognized, 67-69
other health care professionals, 73-75
Information obsolescence, 26-27
Information on Web, harm from, 60-61
Information overload, 4
Information problem, 184
Information Processing and Management, 12
Information quality on the Web, 57-65
accreditation, 63-64
automatic detection, 63
government regulation, 63
guidelines, 61
predictive attributes, 63
Information resources in physician offices, 71
Information Retrieval (journal), 12
Information retrieval journals, 10-13
Information retrieval organizations, 10-12
Information retrieval system, 4
Information retrieval textbooks, 13
Information retrieval tools, 11-14
Information science, 10, 25
Information seeking, 8
Information theory, 23-25
Information, classification of textual health information, 32-33
Information, definition of, 22-23
Information, knowledge-based, 32-33
Information, patient-specific, 32-33
Information, production of, 33-52
Information, properties of, 26-32
Information, quantity, 24
Information, time handling and using, 23
Information, usefulness, 72
Informationist, 389-390
InfoSeek, 289-290
Infotrieve, 201
Inglefinger Rule, 39-40, 55
INQUERY, 299-300, 345-346, 424-425
INQUIRER, 243
Inquirus, 290-291
Instance recall, 300-301, 306
Intelihealth, 135
Intellectual property, 388, 394-395
Interlibrary loan, 388
International Classification of Diseases, 158, 288, 361-362, 415, 420-421
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, 35-36, 43, 55
Internet, 14-20
Internet Grateful Med, 376
Internet Wayback Machine, 396
Internet, use of, 17-18
Interoperability, 392
Interoperability of Data in e-Commerce Systems, 394-395
Interoperability, with electronic medical record, MedLEE, 411-412
Intersection. See AND
Inverse document frequency, 178, 188, 283
Inverse square law of scientific productivity. See Lotka’s Law
Invisible Web, 20
IPM. See Information Processing and Management
ISM. See Unified Medical Language System Information Sources Map
IVORY, 426
JAMIA. See Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
JASIST. See Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
JBI. See Journal of Biomedical Informatics
JCDL. See Joint Conference on Digital Libraries
JIT. See Just in time information model
JMLA. See Journal of the Medical Library Association
Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, 387
Journal impact factor. See Impact factor
Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 13
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 13
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 12
Journal of the Medical Library Association, 13
Journals, throw-away, 49
Just in time information model, 73, 76
Kappa statistic, 103-104, 113
KDD. See Knowledge discovery from databases
k-Nearest Neighbor, 287
kNN. See k-Nearest Neighbor
Knowledge discovery from databases, 397
Knowledge entities, 358-359
Knowledge Finder, 123, 200-201, 241
Knowledge representation, 371
Knowledge-based information, use of, 65-75
Language modeling, 284, 321
Latent semantic indexing, 276-277, 281, 299
Latin squares design, 301
Law of Zipf, 174
Leaf nodes. See Terminal terms
Lemur Toolkit, 286
Length of stay, 259
Lexemes, 313
Lexical atoms, 333
Lexical knowledge, 322
Lexical mapping, 336-344
Lexical-statistical systems, 265-309
assumptions, 266
evaluation, 266-268
filtering, 286-288
implementations, 285-286
routing, 286-288
user evaluation, 298-309
Lexicon, 315-318, 399-400
LHH. See Likelihood of help vs harm
Library and information science, 11
Library of the Surgeon General's Office, 119, 146
Library services, value of, 258
Library, functions, 386-389
LifeCode, 420-421
Likelihood of help vs harm, 78
Linear-Least Squares Fit, 287, 420
Linguistic String Project, 403-405, 422, 427
information formats, 403-405
Linguistic systems, 310-355
rationale, 310-311
semantic approaches, 336-347
Linguistics, 311-312
computational, 310, 312
applications, 312
theoretical, 312
Linkage to human knowledge, 363-365
Literature, primary, 33, 39-46
low relevance, 45
problematic writing, 43-44
reporting of weak methods, 40-41
Literature, secondary, 33, 49-52
problems, 51-52
LLSF. See Linear-Least Squares Fit
LOCATORplus, 124
LOCKSS. See Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe
Logical Observations, Identifiers, Names, and Codes, 419-420
Logical reasoning, 248
Logical relevance. See Relevance, situational
Logistic regression, 425
LOINC. See Logical Observations, Identifiers, Names, and Codes
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 317, 328
LookSmart, 209, 291
LOS. See Length of stay
Lotka’s Law, 29
Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe, 396
LSI. See Latent semantic indexing
LSP. See Linguistic String Project
LUI. See Unified Medical Language System, Metathesaurus, term unique identifier
LWW Medicine, 131
Lycos, 207-209, 289-290
Machine learning, 286-287, 425
Macroevaluation, 83
Map Viewer, 139
MAP. See Precision, mean average
MCM. See Medical Core Metadata Project
MDConsult, 131, 145, 163, 234
Mean reciprocal rank, 112, 289-290, 294-295, 297
Medem, 145
Medical Core Metadata Project, 166, 168-169
Medical diagnostic test evaluation, 97-98
Medical informatics, 12
Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program, 242
Medical Language Extraction and Encoding, 406-412, 421-422, 428
semantic categories, 407-408
Medical Library Association, 12, 387
Medical Matrix, 127, 163, 201
Medical Subject Headings, 149-156, 158, 163, 336, 346-348, 361, 365, 367-370, 382, 415, 420-421
alphabetic index, 150
annotation, 156
browser, 150-151
check tag, 152,154
headings, 150
permuted index, 150
publication type, 152-153, 155, 194-198
related concept, 156
consider also, 156
see related, 156
scope note, 156
subheading, 151-152, 154, 193
allowable qualifiers, 151-152
tree address, 153-154, 156
tree structure, 150
tree, 150
Medical World Search, 382-383
Medindex, 365-366
MEDLARS Indexing Manual, 162
MedLEE. See Medical Language Extraction and Encoding
MEDLINE, 119-124, 147, 162, 191, 193, 195, 213, 215, 228-244, 249-257, 276, 288, 325, 344, 346-347, 354, 359-370, 375, 421, 428-429
abstracts, 121
explosions, 193-194
fields, 120-121
indexing, 194
author names, 163
central concept heading, 162-163
read/scan method, 162
publication types, 121
MEDLINEplus, 142-143, 163, 200, 213
Medscape, 135, 201
MedSORT-II, 406, 416
MedWeaver, 143-144, 213-214
MedWeb Plus, 128
Merck Medicus, 145
MeSH. See Medical Subject Headings
META tag, 165
Meta-analysis, 40-41, 45-49, 80-81
MetaCrawler, 209, 234, 290
Metadata, 4, 146
Web-based, 148-149
MetaMap, 342-344, 346, 365, 367-369, 422, 427-428
Methods of Information in Medicine, 13
MG, 286
Microevaluation, 83
Mismatch, word sense, 324
Missed opportunities, 255
MKSAP. See Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program
MLA. See Medical Library Association
Molecular Modeling Database, 138
Morphology, derivational, 327-328
More informative abstracts, 80
Morphological analysis, 327-328
Morphemes, 312-313
bound, 313
Morphology, inflectional, 327-328
Morphosemantic parser, 414
MRR. See Mean reciprocal rank
National Center for Biotechnology Information, 138
National Digital Information Infrastructure Preservation Program, 55, 396
National Guidelines Clearinghouse, 128-129, 150, 157, 201-203, 361, 363, 374
National Information Infrastructure-National Center for Science Information Systems Test Collection for IR Systems, 348
National Library of Medicine, 12, 119, 356, 387
National Network of Libraries of Medicine, 124
Natural language processing, 310, 397
corpus-based, 321-322
phases, 314-320
NCBI. See National Center for Biotechnology Information
NDIIPP. See National Digital Information Infrastructure Preservation Program
Negative dictionary. See Stop list
NetAccess, 360-363
NetMenu, 370
NetWellness, 135, 364
Neural Network, 287
NGC. See National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NLM Gateway, 125, 144-145, 195, 214
NLM. See National Library of Medicine
NLP. See Natural language processing
NNH. See Number needed to harm
NNT. See Number needed to treat
Nominal compounds, 325-327
Northern Light, 208, 291
NOT, 184-187
Notification. See Information filtering
Noun phrase, 313, 322, 326
head, 313
linguistic variation, 326
modifier, 313
Novelty effect, 222, 227
NP. See Noun phrase
NTCIR. See National Information Infrastructure-National Center for Science Information Systems Test Collection for IR Systems
Number needed to harm, 78
Number needed to treat, 78
Nursing informatics, 12
OAI. See Open Archives Initiative
OCELOT, 385
OCLC. See Online Computer Library Center
Odds ratio, 47
OHSUMED, 267, 287, 346-347, 354
Okapi, 299-300
weighting, 273-274, 304, 306-307
OLDMEDLINE, 119
OMIM. See Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
OMNI. See Organising Medical Networked Information
Online Computer Library Center, 390-391
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, 133, 359
Online public access catalog, 387
Ontology, 372
OPAC. See Online public access catalog
Open Archives Initiative, 392-393
Open Directory, 128, 164, 169-171, 201, 203, 209
OpenText, 290
OR, 184-187
Organising Medical Networked Information, 128
Orthography, 322
Ovid Technologies, 121, 131, 200-201, 241, 249, 344
PageRank, 179
Palm Pilot, 384-385
PaperChase, 195, 230
Parsing, 314-318, 328-334, 399-402, 404-409
Parsing, partial, 331-334
Part of speech. See Syntactic category
Passage retrieval, 279-280
discourse passages, 279
semantic passages, 279
window passages, 279-280
Patient-expected event rate, 78
Patient-oriented evidence that matters, 81
PDA. See Devices, handheld
PDQ. See Physician Data Query
Peer review, 36-39
problems, 37-39
Peer reviewers, 36-39
blinded, 37
Peer reviewers, consistency, 38
PEER. See Patient-expected event rate
Peer-reviewed journal editors, 37
Peer-reviewed journals, 34
PEN & PAD, 426
Penn Treebank, 316-317
Perfect binding, 389
Periodicals, 130-131
Persistent URL, 390-391
Personal digital assistant. See Devices, handheld
Personal knowledge scores, 243
Phrase construction, 277-279
PhraseFinder, 345-346
Phrases, 311
statistical, 329
syntactic, 329
Physician Data Query, 142-143
Physician orders, parsing, 414
Physician thinking, models of, 66-67
Physicians’ Information and Education Resource, 141-142
PICS. See Platform for Internet Content Selection
PIER. See Physicians' Information and Education Resource
PiL. See Professional’s Information Link
PINDEX, 345, 421
PIOPED. See Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Detection
Pivoted normalization, 274-275, 291, 304, 306-307
Platform for Internet Content Selection, 169
Plagiarism, 46
PLS. See Public Library of Science
PMC. See Pubmed Central
POEMS. See Patient-oriented evidence that matters
POLYFIND, 323
Polysemy, 310
Population description, 357-358
POS. See Syntactic category
Positive predictive value, 79, 410
PostDoc, 342, 421, 427
PP. See Prepositional phrase
PPV. See Positive predictive value
Pragmatics, 320
Praxis, 135
Precision, 95-110, 403, 407
mean average, 101, 112, 266, 290
Prepositional phrase, 313-314
Preservation, digital materials, 395-396
Preservation, library collections, 389
President's Information Technology Committee, 386
Primary literature, authorship, 43
Probabilistic information retrieval, 273, 282-285
Professional’s Information Link, 364
Propositional template, 401-402
Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Detection, 414
Protégé, 372
Protein Data Bank, 138
Protocol analysis, 87, 111
Proximity operator, 192-193
Psycholinguistics, 312
Psychological relevance. See Relevance, situational
PsycINFO, 125, 157
Public Library of Science, 55-56
Publication bias, 44-45, 48, 80
Publication types. See Medical Subject Headings, publication types
PubMed, 121, 131, 138, 191, 195-200, 205, 211, 214-215, 361, 363, 375
Clinical Queries, 199, 231
History screen, 198
Limits screen, 197
Preview/Index screen, 198
Related Articles, 190, 200, 367-369, 382
PubMed Central, 54-56, 131
PURL. See Persistent URL
Puya, 425-426
Query expansion, 280-281, 382-383
Query formulation, 375-377
Query reformulation, 375
Query zone, 280
Question answering systems, 294-297, 354-355
Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction, 248-250
Questions, clinical, background, 76
Questions, clinical, foreground, 76
Questions, clinical, phrasing, 75-76
Quick Medical Reference, 415-416
QUIS. See Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction
Randomized controlled trial, 40-43, 76-79, 231
RCT. See Randomized controlled trial
RDF. See Resource Description Framework
Read Clinical Terms, 418-420
Readability, 60
Reading grade level, 60
RealNames, 291
Recall, 95-110, 403, 407
Recall, relative, 96
Recall-precision analysis, 250-253
Recall-precision table, 99-102, 267
interpolation, 100
Receiver operator characteristic curve, 102
Reference tracing, 379, 381-382
Relative risk reduction, 78
Relevance, 103-108
Relevance feedback, 189-190, 280-281, 382-383
Relevance judgments, 267
factors effecting, 106-107
hedging phenomenon, 107
magnitude estimation, 107
research about, 106-108
Relevance ranking, 99, 187
Relevance, situational, 105-106
Relevance, topical, 104-105
Reporting, health news, 59
Research intervention, 85
Research population, 85
Research sample, 85
Research, classification of, 84-87
Research, comparative, 84-87
Research, objectivist, 84
Research, qualitative. See Research, subjectivist
Research, quantitative. See Research, objectivist
Research, subjectivist, 84, 111
ResearchIndex, 392
Residual collection method, 280
Resource Description Framework, 168-169, 372
Retrieval, 5, 183-218, 372-383
Reuters test collections, 267, 287
ROC curve. See Receiver operator characteristic curve
Rocchio equation, 189-190, 281
Rosetta stone, 395
Roundsman, 357-358
RRR. See Relative risk reduction
SAPHIRE, 337-342, 349-351, 362, 355, 422-423
Scatter/Gather, 373-374
SCI. See Science Citation Index
Science Citation Index, 28, 140-141, 229, 382
Scientific American Medicine, 240-241
Scientific discovery, facilitation, 427-428
Scientific literature, doubling time, 26
Scientific literature, growth of, 388
Scientific meeting presentations, 59-60
Scientific method, 35
Scientific revolutions, 34
Screen size, 383-384
SDLIP. See Simple Digital Library Interoperability Protocol
Search engine, 5
Web, 206-210
Boolean operators, 207
gaming, 209
meta engines, 209
paid placement, 210
proximity operators, 207
relevance ranking, 208
stop words, 208
Search Engine Showdown, 234
Search process, 183-184
Searching errors, 255
Searching interfaces, 194-214
bibliographic, 194-201
Searching, Aggregations, 213-214
Searching, automated. See Searching, partial match
Searching, Boolean. See Searching, exact match
Searching, citations, 212
Searching, Databases/Collections, 210
Searching, exact match, 184-187
Searching, full text, 202-210
Searching, general principles, 184-194
Searching, genomics, 210-211
Searching, images, 210
Searching, natural language. See Searching, partial match
Searching, partial match, 184, 187-190
Searching, periodicals, 204-205
Searching, ranked. See Searching, partial match
Searching, set-based. See Searching, exact match
Searching, specialized registries, 201-202
Searching, term expansion, 192
Searching, term lookup, 191
Searching, term selection, 190-194
Searching, textbooks, 205-206
Searching, Web catalogs, 201
Selective dissemination of information. See Information filtering
Semantic grammar, 319-320, 407-409, 412
Semantic interpretation, 314, 318-320, 399-401
Semantic network, 311
Semantic type, 318-320
Semantic Web, 365, 371-372
Semantics, 318-320
Sensitivity, 78-79, 410
Sensitivity analysis, 47
Serendipity, 109, 184
Set theory, 185
Shannon and Weaver model, 23-25
Sherlock, 209
Simple Digital Library Interoperability Protocol, 393-394
Singular-value decomposition, 276-277
Skip-and-fit strategy, 333
SLA. See Special Library Association
Slice of Brain, 136-137
Slice of Life, 136-137, 180
SMART, 286, 329, 334-335, 354
SmartQuery, 360-363
SNOMED CT. See Systematic Nomenclature of Medicine, Clinical Terms
SNOMED RT. See Systematic Nomenclature of Medicine, Reference Terminology
SNOMED. See Systematic Nomenclature of Medicine
SNOP. See Systematic Nomenclature of Pathology
Social Science Citation Index, 140-141, 229
Sourcerer, 370
Spatial visualization, 248-253
Special Library Association, 12, 387
SPECIALIST lexicon, 159, 316-318, 323, 342
Specialized registries, 118, 128-129
Specificity, 79
Spelling correction, 323-324
Spelling errors, 399-400
SSCI. See Social Science Citation Index
STAIRS, 232-233
Stat!-Ref, 131, 205-206
Statistical mapping, 344-345
Statistical significance, 87
Stemming, 178, 285, 327-328, 423
Stop list, 147, 175-178
PubMed, 175-177
Structured abstracts, 43
Structured data entry, 426
Subgrammar, 401
Subheadings. See Medical subject headings subheadings
Subject dispersion, 29-30
Sublanguage analysis, 403
Sublanguage selection, 404
SUI. See Unified Medical Language System, Metathesaurus, string unique identifier
SUMSearch, 374-375
SuperBook, 377
SWISSPROT, 138
SymText, 412-414
Synonym, 149
Synonymy, 310, 401
Synset, 335-336
Syntactic analysis, 328-334
Syntactic category, 314
Syntactic disambiguation, 329-331
Syntax, 314-318
Systematic Nomenclature of Medicine, 158, 405, 416-422, 426
Clinical Terms, 418-419
modules, 418
Reference Terminology, 418
Systematic Nomenclature of Pathology, 416
Systematic reviews, 46-49, 80-81
Tagged Text Parser, 333-335
Tagging, 146
Term, 149
Term dependency, 324
Term discrimination value, 175, 273
Term frequency, 178
Term frequency, augmented normalized, 272-273
Term strength, 288
Terminal terms, 194
Text categorization, 286-287, 420
Text mining, 397
Text REtrieval Conference, 110-113, 265-268
ad hoc task, 111
criticism of, 113
Cross-Language Track, 111, 347-348
documents, 268
Filtering Track, 111-112, 216
Interactive Track, 111, 300-309
NLP Track, 332-335
passage retrieval, 280
phrase construction, 278-279
queries, 268
Question-Answering Track, 111-112, 289, 294-297, 354-355, 397
relevance judgments, 111
routing task, 111
tasks, 295, 297
tracks, 111
Web Track, 111, 288-289
Text summarization, 297-298
abstract, 297-298
characteristics of summaries, 298
extract, 297-298
features to determine sentence extraction, 298
Textbooks, 131-134
TF*IDF weighting, 188-190, 269-270, 272
TF. See Term frequency
Thesaurus, 147
Thesaurus generation, automatic, 274-276
clique methods, 276
single-link methods, 276
Thesaurus. See Controlled vocabulary
THOMAS, 358
TileBars, 377
TOIS. See Transactions on Information Systems
TopicMap, 378-379, 381
ToxNet, 145
Transactions on Information Systems, 13
Transformational tagging, 321-322
TREC. See Text REtrieval Conference
TRIP database, 374
Truncation, 192
TTP. See Tagged Text Parser
Turnaround time, 183
UMLS. See Unified Medical Language System
Unified Medical Language System, 149, 157-162, 316, 416, 429
Information Sources Map, 365, 387, 369-371, 374
Metathesaurus, 159-161, 325, 337, 340-344, 346-347, 360, 382-383, 400, 419-424
canonical form, 159
concept unique identifier, 159
data elements, 161
string unique identifier, 159
term unique identifier, 159
Semantic Network, 159
Uniform Resource Identifier, 390
Uniform Resource Locator, 390
Uniform Resource Name, 390
Unigene, 139
Union. See OR
Unix spell checker utility, 400
Up-to-Date, 141
URAC. See American Accreditation Healthcare Commission
URI. See Uniform Resource Identifier
URL. See Uniform Resource Locator
URN. See Uniform Resource Name
Usability testing, 87, 111, 373
Validity, external, 87
Validity, internal, 87
Vancouver style, 36
Variable, dependent, 85-86
Variable, independent, 86
Variable, outcome. See Variable, dependent
Variable, predictor. See Variable, independent
Vector-space model, 187, 269-272
Verb phrase, 313-314
Verbal reasoning, 248
Visible Human Project, 136-137, 180-181, 210
Visible Web, 20
VP. See Verb phrase
Web catalogs, 118, 126-128
Web crawling, 179-180
Web impact factor, 32, 292
correlation with research output, 292
external, 292
Web of Science, 140-141, 212
Web searching, 288-294
logs, 224
Web sites, 118, 134-135
U.S. government, 134
Web, analysis of, 292-293
Web, distribution of links, 293
Web, estimated size of, 179-180
WebMD, 135
WebMEDLINE, 201, 230
Westlaw Inference Network, 299
WIF. See Web impact factor
Wild-card character, 192
WIN. See Westlaw Inference Network
Windows CE, 384-385
WIPO. See World Intellectual Property Organization
WordNet, 309, 335-336
Word-sense disambiguation, 322, 325, 334-336
World Intellectual Property Organization, 394
World Wide Web, 14-20
size, 14
amount of health information, 18
hubs and authorities, 19-20
mathematical properties, 18-19
WSD. See Word-sense disambiguation
WT10g, 288-289
XML. See eXtensible Mark-up Language
Yahoo, 290-291, 373
Z39.50, 392
Last updated - January 11, 2003
